What type of radiation is emitted by welding arcs that can cause eye injuries?

The correct answer is based on the understanding of the types of radiation emitted during welding processes. Welding arcs produce both infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) radiation, both of which can pose significant risks to the eyes.

Infrared radiation is primarily associated with heat, which can cause thermal burns to the eyes if viewed directly. Ultraviolet radiation, on the other hand, can cause photokeratitis, commonly referred to as "arc eye" or "welder's flash," which is akin to sunburn of the cornea. This condition can lead to painful inflammation and long-term vision problems.

In contrast, other types of radiation mentioned, such as X-rays and gamma rays, are typically associated with high-energy processes like nuclear reactions or certain medical imaging procedures, and are not significant risks during standard welding operations. Visible light, while present during welding, does not cause injuries in the same way that UV and IR radiation does, though excessive brightness can lead to temporary visual disturbances.

Understanding the specific hazards associated with infrared and ultraviolet radiation emphasizes the importance of proper eye protection, such as specialized welding helmets or goggles, designed to filter out these harmful wavelengths and safeguard the welder's eyesight.